ABSTRACT
A infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi determina uma resposta imunológica inata do hospedeiro vertebrado, decorrente da multiplicação parasitaria em macrófagos e a produção de Interferon gama (IFNy) pelas células T ativadas, além de estimulação policlonal de células do baço, com imunossupressão. Por outro lado tem sido demonstrado que o tratamento com quimioterápico Benzonidazol em camundongos infectados, além de determinar uma destruição dos parasitos, tem também uma ação sobre o sistema imunológico em camundongos infectados com cepas do T. cruzi com diferentes graus de suscetibilidade ao Benzonidazol, como a cepa Y (suscetível ao quimioterápico) e a cepa Colombiana (resistente). No presente estudo procura-se investigar a influência do tratamento com o Benzonidazol sobre a resposta imunológica em camundongos infectados com cepa suscetível (Cepa Y) ou resistente (Colombiana). Foram utilizados 320 camundongos, subdivididos em grupos experimentais: Infectados tratados cepa Y (YT) e não tratados (Y-NT); Colombiana tratados (COL-T) e não tratados (COL-NT), Tratados não infectados (TNI) e Controles sem tratamento (CI). O inóculo foi de 1,0 x 104 por via intraperitoneal. O tratamento foi iniciado no pico parasitêmico de cada cepa, sendo no 7º dia após a infecção nos animais infectados pela cepa Y e, nos tratados e não infectados, no 18º dia de infecção na cepa Colombiana. A quimioterapia foi realizada em 60 doses (100mg/kg/dia de Benzonidazol-Benz). Os camundongos sacrificados na fase aguda e na fase crônica em todos os grupos tiveram as secções de coração e músculo esquelético coletadas, fixadas e processadas para o estudo histopatológico em secções coradas pela Hematoxilina & Eosina e Picro-Sirius. Investigou-se a resposta humoral pela sorologia (Imunofluorescência indireta) e pela reação de Elisa. A resposta celular pela proliferação celular do baço, e pela avaliação quantitativa das subpopulações celulares no baço de CD4+, CD8+...
Infection with T. cruzi determines an immunological response in the vertebrate host, wit h parasites multiplication in macrophages, with production of TNFα by these cells an IFNγ, by stimulated T. cells: a polyclonal multiplication of spleen cells is present, with immunossuppression. Treatment of infected mice with BENZ showed that this chemotherapy determines parasitic destruction and also stimulates the immunological system in mice infected either with the Y or the Colombian strain which differs in the susceptibility to chemotherapy with BENZ. In the present study we intend to investigate the influence of treatment with BENZ on the immunological response in mice infected either with the Y strain (susceptible) or the Colombian strain (resistant). This study was performed by comparing the results obtained with the groups of mice not infected and treated, and infected controls, not treated. Material and methods : Number of animals: 320, sub-divided in the experimental groups:Ystrain infected and treated with BENZ(YT) or not-treated (YNT); Colombian treated (COL-T) and not-treated (COL-NT); treated not infected (TNI); Control not treated (COL-NT). Inoculum : 1x104 trypomastigotes, (blood forms) injected intraperitoneally. Treatment was initiated in the peak of parasitemia for each strain:7th day for the Y strain and in the 18th day in the infection with the Colombian strain. Chemotherapy was performed in 60 doses (100mg x kg x day) of BENZ. Mice were killed in the acute and chronic phases post infection; sections of the heart and skeletal muscles were collected, fixed and processed for histopathology, in sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and with Picro-Sirius staining, for collagen. The humoral response was evaluated by serological reactium of indirect immununofluorescence and ELISA reaction. Celular responses were evaluated by celular proliferation in the spleen of CD4+, CD8+...
Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Susceptibility/complications , Disease Susceptibility/diagnosis , Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology , Disease Susceptibility/mortality , Disease Susceptibility/parasitology , Disease Susceptibility/pathology , Trypanosoma cruzi/growth & development , Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitologyABSTRACT
Analisamos aqui as referências que Emil Kraepelin dedica à problemática da herança mórbida. Estudamos a persistência e continuidade das principais teses de Kraepelin, incluída a etiologia hereditária de patologias mentais, na Psiquiatria contemporânea que se define como neokraepeliniana. Com esse objetivo, analisamos inicialmente as articulações teóricas e conceituais que existem entre a ideia de constituição mórbida e as estratégias propostas por Kraepelin para a realização das entrevistas psiquiátricas. A seguir, consideramos o lugar reservado aos estudos dedicados à herança mórbida no contexto histórico de surgimento da psiquiatria neokraepeliniana, especificamente a partir da elaboração do DSM III.
We analyze here the problems of the morbid heredity in the different editions of the work of Emil Kraepelin Clinical Psychiatry: a Text-book for students and physicians. We study the persistence and continuity of the main thesis of Kraepelin, included the hereditary etiology of mental pathologies, in the contemporary Psychiatry that is self-defined as Neo-kraepelinian. With this goal we study, firstly, the theoretical and conceptual articulations that exist between the idea of morbid constitution and the strategies proposed by Kraepelin for the realization of the psychiatric interviews. Next, we consider the place reserved to the studies of the morbid heredity in the historical context in which the Neo-Kraepelinian Psychiatry emerged, specifically since the elaboration of the DSM III.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nerve Degeneration/pathology , Heredity , Disease Susceptibility/pathology , Psychiatry/trendsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Genetic Markers , Infections , Disease Susceptibility/diagnosis , Disease Susceptibility/pathologyABSTRACT
The susceptibility of the five cell lines - IB-RS-2, RK-13, Vero, BHK-21, CER - to reovirus S1133 and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV vaccine GBV-8 strain) was studied to better define satisfactory and sensitive cell culture systems. Cultures were compared for presence of CPE, virus titers and detection of viral RNA were detected in CER and BHK-21 cells after retrovirus inoculation and in RK-13 cell line after IBDV inoculation and with high virus titers. Virus replication by production of low virus titers occurred in IB-RS-2 and Vero cells with reovirus and in BHK-21 cell line with IBDV